most used topology

Bus: This topology allows all stations to receive the information that is transmitted, one station transmits and all other stations listen. It consists of a cable with a terminator at each end of which all the elements of a network are hung. All the nodes of the network are connected to this cable: which is called "Backbone Cable". Both Ethernet and Local Talk can use this topology.

The bus is passive, there is no regeneration of the signals in each node. The nodes in a "bus" network transmit the information and hope that it will not collide with other information transmitted by another of the nodes. If this occurs, each node waits a small amount of random time, then tries to relay the information.

Ring: The stations are connected to each other forming a circle by means of a common cable. The last node of the chain is connected to the first one by closing the ring. The signals circulate in only one direction around the circle, regenerating at each node. With this methodology, each node examines the information that is sent through the ring. If the information is not directed to the node that examines it, pass it to the next one in the ring. The disadvantage of the ring is that if a connection is broken, the entire network goes down

Star: The data in these networks flows from the sender to the concentrator, it performs all the functions of the network, also acts as an amplifier of the data.

The network joins at a single point, usually with a centralized control panel, such as a wiring hub. The information blocks are directed through the central control panel to their destinations. This scheme has an advantage by having a control panel that monitors traffic and prevents collisions and an interrupted connection does not affect the rest of the network

Hybrids: The linear bus, the star and the ring combine sometimes to form combinations of hybrid networks
Star Ring: This topology is used in order to facilitate network administration. Physically, the network is a centralized star in a hub, while at the logical level, the network is a ring.

"Bus" in Star: The end is equal to the previous topology. In this case the network is a "bus" that is physically wired as a star through hubs.

Hierarchical Star: This wiring structure is used in most current local networks, through cascading hubs to form a hierarchical network

Tree: This structure is used in cable television applications, on which future network structures that reach homes could be based. It has also been used in analog local broadband network applications.

Plot: This network structure is typical of WANs, but can also be used in some local network (LAN) applications. Workstations are connected to each other.

The three most used topologies are:

Central Link Network: It is generally found in office or field environments, in which the networks of the floors of a building are interconnected over central cables. Bridges and routers manage traffic between connected network segments.

Mesh Network: This involves or is done through WAN networks, a mesh network contains multiple paths, if a path fails or traffic is congested, a packet can use a different path to the destination. Routers are used to interconnect separate networks.

Hierarchical Star Network: This wiring structure is used in most of the current local networks, through cascaded hubs to form a hierarchical network